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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
10:21

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

New Therapies for Sarcoidosis: Molecular and Pathophysiological Basis

Fotios Drakopanagiotakis1, Ilias Papanikolaou2, Theodoros Panou1

  • 1Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

New research explores targeted treatments for sarcoidosis, a complex inflammatory disease. Advances in understanding its mechanisms guide the development of steroid-sparing therapies, improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathobiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with significant treatment challenges.
  • Long-term corticosteroid use, while effective, leads to adverse effects.
  • Emerging research reveals key molecular pathways involved in sarcoidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To connect sarcoidosis pathobiology to novel targeted therapies.
  • To review clinical trial evidence for emerging treatments.
  • To propose future directions for individualized, biomarker-driven care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular mechanisms including JAK-STAT and mTOR signaling.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for methotrexate, efzofitimod, and JAK inhibitors.
  • Incorporation of the 2025 World Association for Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatoses (WASOG) statement.

Main Results:

  • Methotrexate is validated as a first-line steroid-sparing agent.
  • Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors show promise in various sarcoidosis presentations.
  • Efzofitimod demonstrated steroid-reducing effects in Phase II but not Phase III trials.

Conclusions:

  • The understanding of sarcoidosis pathogenesis is rapidly advancing.
  • There is a growing trend towards earlier steroid-sparing treatment strategies.
  • Future care will likely involve individualized approaches guided by biomarkers.
Keywords:
JAK-STATTNF-αbiomarkersclinical trialsefzofitimodgranulomaimmunotherapymTORsarcoidosistargeted therapy

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