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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

Machine Learning and Experimental Verification Identify Anti-Influenza Natural Products.

Feifan Qiu^1,2, Jiajing Wu², Yan Cao²

¹College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|June 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) from traditional Chinese medicine as potential influenza A virus (IAV) treatments. These compounds showed significant antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo, reducing viral load and inflammation.

Keywords:

calmodulin deoxycholic acid influenza A virus machine learning pulmonary injury sodium deoxycholate

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Area of Science:

Virology
Pharmacology
Computational Biology

Background:

Influenza A virus (IAV) poses a significant threat due to seasonal epidemics and emerging variant strains.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) represents a rich source for novel antiviral compounds.
Calmodulin is a potential target for anti-influenza drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify anti-influenza compounds from a TCM monomer library using machine learning and calmodulin as a target.
To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of identified compounds through integrated computational and experimental methods.

Main Methods:

Virtual screening using a pre-trained protein language model (ConPLex) and molecular docking.
Network pharmacology for multi-target mechanism hypothesis generation.
In vitro cytotoxicity and anti-H1N1 assays, followed by in vivo studies in a lethal mouse infection model.

Main Results:

Sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were identified as promising lead compounds.
NaDC and DCA demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of viral replication in vitro with low cytotoxicity.
In vivo, NaDC and DCA treatment improved survival, reduced lung pathology, suppressed NF-κB activation, and modulated inflammatory cytokines in H1N1-infected mice.

Conclusions:

NaDC and DCA exhibit significant anti-influenza activity both in vitro and in vivo.
These compounds reduce viral replication and alleviate H1N1-induced inflammatory lung injury.
NaDC and DCA are promising candidates for further development as anti-influenza therapeutics.