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Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte Fruit Extract Mitigates Fructose/Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in

Muhammed Yayla1, Damla Binnetoglu2, Erdem Toktay3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42100, Turkey.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

The Malus floribunda (MF) fruit extract demonstrates significant antidiabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a type 2 diabetes model.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and increased oxidative stress.
  • Current antidiabetic treatments have limitations, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic agents.
  • Herbal medicines, such as Malus floribunda (MF) fruit extract, are being investigated for their potential therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antidiabetic effects of an ethanol extract from Malus floribunda (MF) fruit.
  • To evaluate the impact of MF extract on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a type 2 diabetes model.

Main Methods:

  • A type 2 diabetes model was induced using fructose and Streptozotocin (STZ).
  • Animals were treated with metformin (positive control) or MF extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for 30 days.
  • Markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were assessed in serum, muscle, and liver tissues.

Main Results:

  • MF extract significantly improved Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin receptor (InR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels.
  • MF extract mitigated fructose/STZ-induced oxidative stress by increasing Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression and restoring antioxidant levels (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH)).
  • MF extract significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels (Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)) and downregulated apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9).

Conclusions:

  • Malus floribunda (MF) fruit extract exhibits significant antidiabetic properties in a fructose/STZ-induced type 2 diabetes model.
  • MF extract ameliorates insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management.
  • Further research into MF extract's mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy is warranted.
Keywords:
Malus floribundadiabetesinsulin resistancephytotherapyrat

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