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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

MicroRNA Biogenesis Pathway Gene Variants Are Associated with Prostate Cancer Susceptibility.

Irina Gilyazova1,2, Yanina Timasheva1,2, Elizaveta Ivanova3

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis genes increase prostate cancer (PrC) risk. A polygenic risk score (PRS) combining these variations significantly predicts PrC susceptibility, especially in diverse populations.

Keywords:
genetic risk scoremiRNAprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PrC) is a prevalent male malignancy globally.
  • Genetic factors influencing PrC risk are not fully understood, particularly in diverse ethnic groups.
  • The role of genetic variations in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis pathways in PrC susceptibility requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between genetic variations in miRNA biogenesis pathway genes and PrC risk.
  • To evaluate the utility of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for predicting PrC susceptibility.
  • To assess the combined predictive value of PRS and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for PrC.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with 532 PrC patients and 550 controls from the Volga-Ural region.
  • Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA biogenesis genes were analyzed using single-variant and polygenic approaches.
  • Weighted and unweighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed and evaluated for association with PrC risk and discriminatory performance.

Main Results:

  • The SNP rs595055 in the AGO1 gene was significantly associated with PrC risk after multiple testing correction.
  • The weighted PRS demonstrated a strong association with PrC risk (OR per SD increase = 1.63, P = 1.37 × 10^-13) and moderate discriminatory performance (AUC = 63.1%).
  • Individuals in the highest PRS quartile had threefold higher odds of PrC compared to the lowest quartile. Combining PRS with PSA improved discrimination (AUC = 68.1%).

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variations within miRNA biogenesis pathway genes contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility.
  • Pathway-based polygenic risk stratification shows promise for identifying individuals at higher risk, particularly in understudied populations.
  • The developed PRS, especially when combined with PSA, can enhance PrC risk prediction.