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The Pro-Inflammatory Action of Different Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Porcine Hepatic and Intestinal
Gábor Mátis1, Andrea Lajos1, Rege Anna Márton1
1Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Developing new in vitro models is crucial for evaluating antibiotic alternatives in swine. Porcine liver and gut models show distinct inflammatory responses, offering valuable tools for assessing immunomodulatory compounds.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Immunology
- In Vitro Toxicology
- Swine Health
Background:
- Reducing antibiotic use in livestock requires reliable methods to test alternatives.
- Immunomodulatory compounds need effective in vitro evaluation systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish and characterize porcine in vitro models for inflammatory response studies.
- To compare the inflammatory responses of hepatic and intestinal tissues to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Main Methods:
- Porcine hepatocyte-non-parenchymal (NP) cell co-cultures and small intestinal explants were used.
- Tissues were exposed to PAMPs like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), flagellin, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C).
- Cytokine release, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured.
Main Results:
- Hepatic co-cultures showed significant increases in IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α with LPS/LTA, indicating inflammation without high cytotoxicity, except for poly I:C which was cytotoxic.
- Intestinal explants exhibited resilience with limited cytokine responses (IL-6, IL-8) to PAMPs.
- PAMPs generally increased ROS production in both models.
Conclusions:
- Hepatic co-cultures serve as a sensitive model for robust inflammatory reactions.
- Intestinal explants are suitable for studying moderate, gut-specific immune responses.
- These complementary porcine models are valuable for evaluating antibiotic alternatives.
