Teachers' Knowledge of Postural Health in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the TBPLQ

Background/Objectives: Promoting postural health in children requires not only adequate knowledge but also the implementation of health-promoting behaviors in the school environment. Teachers play a key role in this process; however, the extent to which their knowledge is reflected in everyday practice remains unclear. The study aimed to analyze and compare the levels of knowledge among preschool, early school, and physical education teachers regarding postural health in children and adolescents, including postural abnormalities, ergonomics, the selection of corrective exercises, and behaviors that promote correct body posture. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 153 teachers in Poland: 24 preschool (P), 53 early school education (EE), and 76 physical education (PE) teachers. The self-report Teachers' Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire (TBPLQ) was used to assess knowledge regarding postural abnormalities. Results: PE achieved the highest TBPLQ scores, with significant differences observed mainly in comparison with EE (r = 0.30-0.50, p < 0.001). Across all groups, teachers performed best in recognizing postural abnormalities and worst in selecting appropriate corrective exercises. Although knowledge levels were relatively high, only weak correlations were found between knowledge and postural hygiene-promoting behaviors. The largest behavioral differences concerned the use of appropriate sportswear during physical education classes (η² > 0.14). Conclusions: Teachers demonstrated relatively high levels of knowledge regarding posture health. However, a clear knowledge-behavior gap was identified. Knowledge was only partially translated into proactive health-promoting actions, particularly regarding corrective interventions and communication with parents. The results suggest the need for educational initiatives for teachers focusing on proactive health-promoting and postural hygiene behaviors.