Indigenous 2SLGBTQIA+ Identities and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Scoping Review

Research on Two-Spirit (2S) and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Asexual and other identities (LGBTQIA+) Indigenous communities and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is still an emerging field of study. Historically, Indigenous and 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals are underrepresented in healthcare research and practices. Our research question was as follows: what is the scope, breadth, and depth of published and gray literature about First Nations, Métis, and Inuit 2SLGBTQIA+ people's experiences of aging and dementia? This scoping review used an Indigenous-informed methodology, grounding our research in a guidance committee comprising all Two-Spirit knowledge-keepers, community advocates, and scholars. This method adapts a five-step scoping review approach, including Indigenous knowledge through consultation with Indigenous community members. The committee informed all five steps of the scoping review methodology. Our initial search identified 1320 articles; after screening, seven articles remained, comprising six journal articles and one book chapter. Manuscripts were published in Canada, the USA, and Australasia. There were five qualitative studies, one scoping review, and a book chapter. The aims, results and recommendations from the included studies are presented. We found minimal published literature on the intersecting identities of 2SLGBTQIA+ Indigenous Peoples and ARCD. Gaps included epidemiological research, assessment and interventions, and qualitative experiences in this population. Further investment in research is needed to expand what is known to understand the needs of Indigenous 2SLGBTQIA+ people with dementia.