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Updated: Jun 27, 2026
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Portable Paper-Based Immunoassay Combined with Smartphone Application for Colorimetric and Quantitative Detection of Dengue NS1 Antigen
Published on: January 26, 2024
Sociodemographic and Structural Risk Factors for Dengue in a Rapidly Developing Indonesian District
Inke Nadia Diniyanti Lubis1,2, Nelli Khalilah Sari Siregar1, Gema Nazri Yanni1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia.
Summary
Dengue infection risk in Indonesia is linked to male sex, student status, lack of window screens, and vegetation. Prevention strategies should address these factors in rapidly urbanizing areas.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Dengue infection poses a growing public health challenge in Indonesia.
- Increasing incidence is observed in semi-urban areas with significant demographic and environmental shifts.
- Household-level risk factors for dengue in these areas are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sociodemographic and environmental risk factors associated with dengue infection.
- To characterize household-level determinants of dengue in a rapidly changing semi-urban setting in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted in Deli Serdang district, North Sumatra.
- Laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were compared with non-dengue febrile controls.
- Multivariable logistic regression analyzed risk factors including housing conditions and sociodemographics.
Main Results:
- Male sex, student status, absence of window screens, and surrounding vegetation were independently associated with dengue infection.
- Individuals without window screens had a significantly higher risk (aOR 12.9).
- Rural residence was overrepresented among cases, indicating dengue's spread beyond urban centers.
Conclusions:
- Dengue risk is influenced by demographic factors and modifiable housing vulnerabilities.
- Integrated prevention strategies are crucial for rapidly urbanizing districts.
- Recommendations include window screening, water storage management, and school-based vector control.
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