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Development and Validation of an Online Oral Health Education Module for Pakistani Parents Using the ADDIE Model.
Ushna Shameen1, Elavarasi Kuppusamy1, Farinawati Yazid1
1Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
A new online oral health education (OHE) module for Pakistani parents was developed and validated using the ADDIE model. This Facebook-delivered OHE module shows promise for improving parental knowledge and practices.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Education
- Digital Health
Background:
- Parental involvement is crucial for children's oral health.
- Limited access to dental care and lack of effective oral health education (OHE) contribute to high oral disease prevalence in Pakistan.
- Conventional OHE methods often lack accessibility, tailored content, and engagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate an online OHE module for Pakistani parents.
- To create a culturally appropriate and accessible OHE resource using the ADDIE instructional design model.
- To address the need for structured, validated, and tailored oral health information for parents.
Main Methods:
- The study utilized the ADDIE instructional design model in two phases.
- Parental OHE needs were assessed via questionnaire.
- An Urdu-language module was developed and validated by six experts and 15 parents.
Main Results:
- A culturally appropriate module covering six key topics was created.
- The module achieved high content validity (Scale-level CVI: 0.94) and face validity (Scale-level FVI: 0.97).
- Item-level Content Validity Index scores ranged from 0.83 to 1.00.
Conclusions:
- The Facebook-delivered OHE module is a valid and accessible tool for enhancing parental oral health knowledge.
- This digital OHE strategy offers a practical approach to improving parental engagement in children's oral healthcare.
- Further research is needed to assess the module's impact on oral health behaviors and outcomes.
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