Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
Published on: December 9, 2022
Development and Validation of an Online Oral Health Education Module for Pakistani Parents Using the ADDIE Model
Ushna Shameen1, Elavarasi Kuppusamy1, Farinawati Yazid1
1Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
Background:
Parents play a pivotal role in influencing children's oral health; thus, effective oral health education (OHE) is essential to equip them with the knowledge needed to support their children's oral health care. In countries such as Pakistan, apart from limited access to dental care and socioeconomic barriers, the widespread lack of OHE is also an important factor contributing to the high prevalence of oral diseases. Conventional OHE approaches are often limited by passive delivery, lack of tailored content and poor accessibility. Social media platforms such as Facebook offer an accessible platform for health education; however, structured, validated, and tailored content is required.
Aim:
This study aims to develop and validate an online OHE module for Pakistani parents using the ADDIE instructional design model.
Materials And Methods:
The study was conducted in two phases using the ADDIE model. Parental OHE needs were identified through a questionnaire. An Urdu-language module was developed based on these needs and expert recommendations. Content validation was performed by six experts, followed by face validation with 15 parents.
Results:
Needs assessment guided the development of a culturally appropriate module covering six main topics. Item-level Content Validity Index ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, with a Scale-level Content Validity Index of 0.94 and a Scale-level Face Validity Index of 0.97.
Conclusions:
The developed Facebook-delivered OHE module demonstrated high content and face validity and may serve as an accessible and practical strategy for improving parental OHE. Further studies are required to evaluate its effectiveness in improving oral health-related behaviours and outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
Data Validation
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Development of the Oral Microbiota
