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Microstrip Antenna Bandwidth Optimization for RF Microsystems Using Swarm Intelligence and Reinforcement Learning
Shaolong Cao1, Yu Shao1, Jie Zhang1,2
1School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China.
Micromachines
|June 26, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel method combining swarm intelligence and reinforcement learning to significantly boost microstrip antenna bandwidth. The ICOA-TD3 framework enhances antenna performance for robust RF microsystems.
Area of Science:
- Electromagnetics and RF Engineering
- Artificial Intelligence in Engineering
- Antenna Theory and Design
Background:
- Microstrip antennas are crucial for RF and microwave microsystems, demanding wide bandwidth for optimal performance.
- Current bandwidth limitations hinder integration flexibility and stable operation in compact microsystems.
- Microsystem optimization requires advanced techniques for antenna bandwidth enhancement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and evaluate a novel bandwidth extension method for microstrip antennas.
- To enhance the performance robustness of compact RF microsystems through antenna optimization.
- To integrate swarm intelligence and reinforcement learning for advanced antenna design.
Main Methods:
- Developed the Improved Crayfish Optimization Algorithm-Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (ICOA-TD3) framework.
- Employed ICOA for global exploration and bandwidth enhancement.
- Utilized TD3 for local refinement and exploitation of antenna bandwidth potential.
Main Results:
- Experiment 1: Achieved up to a 200% increase in impedance bandwidth (S11≤-10dB).
- Experiment 2: Improved impedance bandwidth by up to 27% and axial-ratio bandwidth (AR≤3dB) by up to 250%.
- Demonstrated significant bandwidth enhancement for microstrip antennas.
Conclusions:
- The ICOA-TD3 framework offers a feasible solution for bandwidth-oriented microstrip antenna optimization.
- The proposed method shows promise for the intelligent design of high-performance RF microsystems.
- This approach effectively addresses bandwidth limitations in compact RF applications.
