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Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus spp. from
Paula Eguizábal1, Rocío Lopéz-Saenz de Navarrete1, Rosa Fernández-Fernández1
1Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
Abstract:
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and mammaliicocci (MA) are common in food-derived samples and may act as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs. A previous study reported a high S. aureus prevalence in poultry meat. The objective of this study was to characterize the species diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming capacity of CoNS/MA from the same food samples. Species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, resistance gene detection, molecular typing, and biofilm formation assays were performed. One hundred and forty-eight non-repetitive CoNS/MA isolates were detected in 85% of samples, and 14 species were identified. The most prevalent species were S. epidermidis (18.2%), S. simulans (12.8%), S. saprophyticus (12.2%), S. warneri (11.5%), and M. lentus (10.1%). Most samples harbored one or two different species, although some showed higher diversity. Although 27.0% of isolates were pan-susceptible, 22.3% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), significantly associated with M. lentus and S. epidermidis. Methicillin resistance was found in 10 isolates, mainly in S. epidermidis (lineages ST9, ST59, ST88 and ST640). Biofilm formation was observed in 24.3% of isolates (some of them MDR) and was significantly associated with S. pasteuri and S. xylosus and with samples from supermarkets. No methicillin-resistant isolates were biofilm producers. These findings highlight the diversity of CoNS/MA in poultry meat and their role as AMR reservoirs and persistence factors, emphasizing their relevance in food safety.
Insights
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Mammaliicocci (MA) in poultry meat show diverse species, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and biofilm formation. Some CoNS/MA strains are multidrug-resistant (MDR), highlighting food safety concerns.
Area of Science:
- Food Microbiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Bacterial Pathogenesis
Background:
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Mammaliicocci (MA) are prevalent in food products.
- These bacteria can act as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
- Previous research indicated a high prevalence of *Staphylococcus aureus* in poultry meat.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the species diversity of CoNS/MA in poultry meat samples.
- To assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles of these isolates.
- To determine the biofilm-forming capacity of CoNS/MA and its association with AMR.
Main Methods:
- Species identification using standard microbiological techniques.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and detection of resistance genes.
- Molecular typing and biofilm formation assays.
- Analysis of isolate data in relation to sample origin and resistance phenotypes.
Main Results:
- 148 CoNS/MA isolates from 85% of samples, representing 14 species.
- Most common species: *S. epidermidis*, *S. simulans*, *S. saprophyticus*, *S. warneri*, and *M. lentus*.
- 22.3% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), associated with *M. lentus* and *S. epidermidis*.
- Methicillin resistance found in 10 isolates, primarily *S. epidermidis*.
- 24.3% of isolates formed biofilms, associated with *S. pasteuri*, *S. xylosus*, and supermarket samples.
- No methicillin-resistant isolates exhibited biofilm production.
Conclusions:
- CoNS/MA exhibit significant species diversity in poultry meat.
- These bacteria serve as important reservoirs for AMR, including MDR and methicillin resistance.
- Biofilm formation capacity varies among species and is linked to sample source, posing potential food safety risks.
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