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Related Concept Videos

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation
07:59

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: March 1, 2019

Individualized Prediction of In-Plane Shear Stress-Strain Curves for Composites Using Early-Stage Digital Image

Chongyu Ruan1, Maowen Yao1, Xiangyu Zhao1

  • 1College of General Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Liyang 213300, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study predicts the full shear stress-strain curve of carbon fiber composites using early-stage Digital Image Correlation (DIC) data. This enables non-destructive, individualized mechanical property assessment for structural health monitoring.

Keywords:
CFRPV-notched shear testconvolutional neural networknon-destructive evaluationproperty scatter

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Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • In-plane shear performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is crucial for structural applications.
  • Significant property scatter in CFRPs presents challenges for accurate structural design and performance prediction.
  • Existing methods for assessing composite mechanical properties can be destructive or lack individual specimen specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for individualized prediction of the complete shear stress-strain curve for CFRP specimens.
  • To utilize early-stage Digital Image Correlation (DIC) strain fields for predicting full-range mechanical behavior.
  • To establish a non-destructive technique for assessing composite mechanical properties at an early stage.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted systematic in-plane shear tests on 45 CFRP specimens with synchronized DIC and load-displacement data.
  • Developed a lightweight encoder-decoder convolutional neural network to map early-stage DIC strain fields to full stress-strain curves.
  • Employed data augmentation and Dropout regularization to address challenges associated with small sample sizes.

Main Results:

  • The proposed convolutional neural network model achieved a mean R² of 0.926 ± 0.022 and RMSE of 6.37 ± 1.14 MPa for stress prediction during cross-validation.
  • Individual specimen predictions on the test set demonstrated robust capability with an average R² of 0.945 (minimum 0.821) across scattered properties.
  • Residual analysis provided insights into error characteristics across different deformation stages.

Conclusions:

  • The research introduces a novel paradigm for non-destructive, early-stage, individualized assessment of composite mechanical properties.
  • The developed method shows strong predictive performance, capable of handling property scatter in CFRPs.
  • Potential applications include structural health monitoring and probabilistic design for composite structures.