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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests

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Optimization of Mixture Parameters for Rubber-Modified Permeable Concrete Bricks Using Response Surface Methodology.

Jiaxiong Zhan¹, Wei Qiao¹, Yiran Qin¹

¹School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 26, 2026

Summary

Sustainable permeable concrete bricks were developed using waste tire rubber. Optimal mixture balances mechanical strength and water permeability, demonstrating effective rubber recycling for eco-friendly paving.

Keywords:

compressive strength permeability coefficient permeable concrete brick response surface methodology waste tire rubber particles

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Published on: August 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Growing environmental concerns necessitate sustainable construction materials.
Waste tire rubber presents a disposal challenge and an opportunity for material valorization.
Permeable concrete offers environmental benefits like stormwater management and reduced runoff.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop sustainable permeable concrete bricks incorporating waste tire rubber particles.
To optimize the mechanical performance and hydraulic behavior of these bricks.
To investigate the influence of various mix design parameters on compressive strength and permeability.

Main Methods:

Orthogonal experimental design and response surface methodology were employed.
Key parameters investigated included aggregate-to-binder ratio (A/B), water-to-binder ratio (W/B), rubber content, and rubber particle size.
Compressive strength and permeability coefficient were measured, alongside Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Computed Tomography (CT) analyses.

Main Results:

Rubber content significantly impacted compressive strength, while the A/B ratio most influenced permeability.
Compressive strength decreased with increased rubber content and A/B ratio.
Permeability increased with A/B ratio and showed complex responses to rubber content and particle size.
Optimized mixture (A/B=3.006, W/B=0.45, rubber content=0.103, particle size=0.525 mm) achieved 18.97 MPa compressive strength and 1.82 mm/s permeability.
Validation tests confirmed high accuracy with low relative errors for both properties.

Conclusions:

Waste tire rubber can be effectively valorized in sustainable permeable concrete bricks.
The study provides an optimized mix design for balancing mechanical and hydraulic properties.
Material performance is governed by the interplay of skeleton integrity, interfacial bonding, and pore connectivity.