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Platelet Indices and Adipokines in Adults with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes

Gergana Chausheva1, Sevim Shefket1, Yana Bocheva1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

In long-standing Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), leptin (LEP) is linked to platelet count and inflammation markers. Adiponectin (ADNC) did not show similar associations in this study of T1D patients.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Hematology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by chronic inflammation, altered platelet function, and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR).
  • The interplay between adipokines, such as adiponectin (ADNC) and leptin (LEP), and platelet indices in individuals with long-standing T1D requires further elucidation.
  • Understanding these relationships may offer insights into T1D pathophysiology and CVR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between serum adipokines (ADNC, LEP), platelet indices (platelet count [PLT], plateletcrit [PCT], mean platelet volume [MPV], platelet distribution width [PDW]), and inflammatory status (C-reactive protein [CRP]) in adults with long-standing T1D.
  • To compare these associations between individuals with T1D and non-diabetic controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 124 adults with long-standing T1D and 59 non-diabetic controls.
  • Measurement of serum LEP, ADNC, and CRP using standardized assays.
  • Automated blood counts for platelet indices (PLT, PCT, MPV, PDW).
  • Correlation and multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for body mass index (BMI).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with T1D exhibited higher PLT and PCT compared to controls (p = 0.003 for both).
  • LEP showed significant positive correlations with PLT (rho = 0.235), PCT (rho = 0.263), and CRP (rho = 0.474) in the T1D group (all p < 0.05).
  • Multivariable analysis confirmed an association between PCT and LEP in T1D, independent of BMI, while LEP was only associated with BMI in controls.

Conclusions:

  • LEP and platelet-related indices are interconnected in adults with long-standing T1D, suggesting a distinct adipokine-platelet association pattern.
  • ADNC did not demonstrate similar associations with platelet indices in this cohort.
  • These findings highlight potential mechanisms linking metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and platelet activation in T1D.

Keywords:
adiponectincardiovascular riskinflammationleptinplatelet indicestype 1 diabetes

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