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This study found that autistic traits are present across psychotic spectrum disorder (PSD), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Social and communication difficulties were key in distinguishing PSD from mood disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Autistic traits are dimensionally distributed but understudied in mood and psychotic disorders.
  • Previous research focused on schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with limited data on bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • The clinician-rated PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS) has not been applied to mood disorder populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and severity of autistic traits in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and psychotic spectrum disorder (PSD).
  • To compare autistic trait severity across these diagnostic groups using the PAUSS.
  • To explore the relationship between psychopathology and autistic traits within each diagnostic group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, naturalistic outpatient study involving 165 clinically stable adult patients (MDD, BD, PSD).
  • Assessment using the clinician-rated PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).
  • Statistical analyses included group comparisons, correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and multinomial logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Psychotic spectrum disorder (PSD) patients were younger and had higher BPRS scores compared to mood disorder groups.
  • PSD showed significantly higher PAUSS total, social, and communication scores; PAUSS RRB (restricted and repetitive behaviors) did not differ significantly in univariate analyses.
  • Psychopathology (BPRS) correlated positively with autistic traits (PAUSS) in MDD and BD, but not in PSD. PCA revealed distinct autistic trait profiles across diagnoses, with PSD being most distinct.

Conclusions:

  • Autistic traits are a transdiagnostic phenomenon in adult psychiatric populations, with disorder-specific differences.
  • Social and communication impairments are key dimensions differentiating PSD from mood disorders (MDD, BD).
  • Assessing autistic traits may enhance diagnostic precision and guide personalized, stratified treatment strategies in psychiatric care.