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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

EEG-Derived Entropy Monitoring During Propofol Sedation for ERCP: Sedation Profiles, Age-Related Effects, and

Sonia Elena Popovici^1,2,3, Stelian Adrian Ritiu^1,2,3, Ioan Sporea⁴

¹Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

|June 26, 2026

Summary

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State Entropy (SE) values during propofol sedation for ERCP typically range from 60-85, exceeding general anesthesia targets. Older age is the primary predictor of deeper sedation in these patients.

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Neurophysiology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Conventional EEG-derived sedation targets (State Entropy SE 40-60) are established for general anesthesia.
These targets may not be directly applicable to procedural sedation for ERCP.
Propofol-based sedation is commonly used for ERCP, necessitating understanding of its EEG effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize State Entropy (SE) and Response Entropy (RE) trajectories during propofol-based sedation for ERCP.
To evaluate the relationship between Entropy indices and clinical sedation depth, patient characteristics, and procedural outcomes.
To determine if conventional SE targets are appropriate for ERCP sedation.

Main Methods:

Prospective, single-center observational study of 50 adult patients undergoing ERCP.

Keywords:

EEG-derived monitoring ERCP State Entropy depth of anesthesia gastrointestinal endoscopy procedural sedation procedure-specific sedation targets propofol sedation

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Continuous recording of SE and RE at baseline and intra-procedurally.

Correlation analysis (Spearman's rank) of Entropy indices with MOAA/S scores, patient factors (age, ASA), Aldrete scores, and adverse events.

Main Results:

Observed SE values predominantly ranged between 60-85, significantly above the 40-60 general anesthesia target.
No SE values below 40 were recorded.
Older age strongly correlated with deeper early sedation (lower SE), suggesting increased sensitivity.
SE instability was noted in patients experiencing adverse events, but without statistical significance.

Conclusions:

During propofol sedation for ERCP, SE values are consistently higher than general anesthesia targets.
Older age is the strongest predictor of sedation depth in this context.
The findings suggest that current SE targets may need adjustment for elderly, high-ASA patients undergoing ERCP with propofol-based sedation, warranting further outcome-based research.