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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
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Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

Increased Retinol Levels in Patients with Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury-A Prospective Single-Center

Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska1, Ewelina Swora-Cwynar2, Tomasz Urbanowicz1

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland.

Nutrients
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Elevated preoperative retinol levels are linked to acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. This finding suggests retinol may help identify patients at higher risk for AKI.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycardiac surgeryretinolvitamin metabolism

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Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
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Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
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Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery, posing significant prognostic challenges.
  • Early identification of patients at risk for AKI remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether preoperative vitamin levels differ in patients who develop cardiac surgery-associated AKI.
  • To explore the potential of vitamin levels as early biomarkers for AKI risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 87 patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
  • Preoperative serum levels of vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), and vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) were measured.
  • Correlation analysis between vitamin levels and renal function markers (creatinine, eGFR).

Main Results:

  • Cardiac surgery-associated AKI occurred in 41.4% of patients.
  • Patients who developed AKI had significantly higher preoperative retinol levels (p = 0.046).
  • Retinol levels correlated positively with creatinine and negatively with eGFR, indicating perioperative renal dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Increased preoperative retinol levels are associated with cardiac surgery-associated AKI.
  • Retinol may serve as a biomarker for identifying renal vulnerability in cardiac surgery patients.
  • Further research in larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings.