Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
Published on: August 12, 2016
A Comparison of the Interstitial and Blood Glucose Responses Following Consumption of Different
Ross Hamilton1, Stephen C Bain2, Richard M Bracken1,3
1Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
Objectives:
This study investigated the relationship between interstitial and blood glucose concentrations following ingestion of carbohydrate-containing drinks differing in carbohydrate amount, osmolarity, and glycaemic index.
Methods:
Ten healthy adults (nine male; age: 22 ± 1 y; height: 177 ± 12 cm; weight: 75 ± 14 kg) completed a double-blind, randomised cross-over study with seven beverage trials varying in carbohydrate (CHO) characteristics. Blood samples were collected at rest and over two hours, while interstitial glucose ([iG]) was recorded using a continuous glucose monitor (Supersapiens, Atlanta, USA). Glycaemic metrics and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) were calculated for hypoglycaemic, euglycaemic, and hyperglycaemic ranges. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and paired t-tests (p ≤ 0.05).
Results:
Interstitial and blood glucose concentrations were similar at baseline but diverged post-ingestion. MARD varied by glucose rate and direction, exceeding 20% during rapid declines (>2 mg/dL/min), where [iG] underestimated [BG] by -7.3 ± 27.1 mg/dL. Accuracy was highest during stable glucose (MARD = 10.5 ± 8.6%). Carbohydrate amount and glycaemic index influenced peak glucose, whereas beverage concentration (5-20%) had minimal effect when CHO amount was fixed, though variation in CGM agreement appeared during post-peak declines.
Conclusions:
CGM tracked blood glucose overall but showed reduced accuracy during rapid falls or hypoglycaemia. Carbohydrate properties influenced glycaemic response but not sensor agreement when CHO load was constant. Glucose rate and direction of change are key considerations for interpreting CGM data in research and applied settings.
More Related Videos
04:54Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
Published on: June 2, 2023
06:13Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
Published on: December 1, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
Experimental Designs
Introduction to Carbohydrates
Hyperglycemia