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Related Concept Videos

Mortar01:29

Mortar

Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls01:22

Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls

In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh.
Mortar Properties01:17

Mortar Properties

Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to the...
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units and sand dry and...
Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry01:13

Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry

Mortar joint deterioration is a significant concern in masonry structures, with water accumulation in the joints leading to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The repeated expansion of water during freezing and its melting during thawing develop and propagate cracks in the masonry joints. Eventually, this leads to the spalling of mortar from the joints, loosening masonry units and weakening the structure. The deteriorated mortar joints are also vulnerable to moisture intrusion into the walls.
The...
Composite Masonry Walls01:18

Composite Masonry Walls

Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...

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Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) by Immersion
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Multi-PCM Lime Mortars Incorporating Polymer-Shell and Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Energy-Efficient

Andrea Rubio-Aguinaga1, Loucas Kyriakou1, José María Fernández1

  • 1MATCH Research Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, C/. Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.

Polymers
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces multi-phase change material (multi-PCM) lime mortars for building envelopes. These advanced renders offer improved temperature regulation and tailored thermal responses for climate-adapted construction.

Keywords:
form-stable PCMslime mortarmulti-PCMphase change materials (PCMs)polymer-shell microcapsulespolymeric chemical additives

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Area of Science:

  • Building Science and Materials Engineering
  • Sustainable Construction Technologies
  • Thermal Energy Storage

Background:

  • Conventional building envelopes face challenges in managing variable thermal conditions.
  • Single-phase change material (PCM) lime mortars offer limited thermal regulation.
  • There is a need for advanced rendering materials with enhanced, controllable thermal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate multi-PCM lime mortars for building envelopes.
  • To investigate the impact of PCM type and distribution on mortar performance.
  • To develop a framework for tailored thermal response in rendering materials.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of lime mortars with distributed PCM systems (silica-supported and polymeric-shell microencapsulated).
  • Optimization of mortar workability using superplasticisers and adhesion enhancers.
  • Microstructural, mechanical, durability, and thermal characterization under dynamic conditions (-10 to 50 °C).

Main Results:

  • Multi-PCM mortars demonstrated effective temperature buffering (up to 1.5 °C reduction during heating, 1.1 °C during cooling).
  • Form-stable PCMs led to broader transitions; microencapsulated PCMs offered distinct, controllable activation ranges.
  • Metakaolin incorporation enhanced mechanical properties and durability.
  • Pore structure varied significantly between PCM types.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-PCM lime mortars provide a promising approach for climate-adapted, thermally responsive building envelopes.
  • Tailoring PCM transition temperatures and types is crucial for optimizing performance based on climatic needs.
  • This technology enables distributed and adjustable thermal activation profiles for enhanced building energy efficiency.