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The AFM Probe
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Advanced Digital Imaging Assessment Method for Testing Surface Fuzzing in Textile Materials.

Juro Živičnjak1, Antoneta Tomljenović1, Maja Somogyi Škoc1

  • 1Department of Materials, Fibers and Textile Testing, University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

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Summary

A new digital imaging method accurately assesses textile fuzzing, distinguishing it from pilling. This advanced technique provides objective, quantitative data on surface hairiness, overcoming limitations of traditional visual assessments.

Keywords:
advanced methoddigital imagingfuzzing assessmentinnovative apparatuspolymer–based fiberstextile testingwoven fabric

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Area of Science:

  • Textile Science
  • Materials Science
  • Digital Imaging Technology

Background:

  • Textile surface hairiness, or fuzzing, impacts appearance and is difficult to assess separately from pilling using standard visual methods (EN ISO 12945-4:2020).
  • Existing instrumental methods for objective fuzzing assessment are scarce, hindering detailed analysis and understanding of fabric degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate an advanced digital imaging assessment method for objectively quantifying textile surface fuzzing.
  • To develop a system capable of separately evaluating fuzzing and pilling on the same fabric specimen.

Main Methods:

  • An innovative apparatus with a refined viewing angle enabled separate digital imaging of fuzzing and pilling.
  • Newly developed software facilitated digital analysis and acquisition of quantitative data on surface fuzzing.
  • Six woven fabrics (cotton, wool, viscose, polyamide 6.6, polyester, acrylic) were subjected to fuzzing induction (ICI tester, Martindale tester) and assessed using both visual and digital methods.

Main Results:

  • The digital imaging method successfully captured and quantified surface fuzzing independently of pilling.
  • Quantitative data on fuzzing layer height change provided objective grading, correlating with visual assessments.
  • The method demonstrated applicability across various single-component woven fabrics.

Conclusions:

  • The advanced digital imaging assessment method offers a reliable and objective approach to evaluating textile fuzzing.
  • This technique overcomes the limitations of traditional visual methods by distinguishing fuzzing from pilling.
  • The developed system provides valuable quantitative insights into fabric surface changes due to fuzzing.