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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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Comparative Evaluation of β-TCP-Based Composite Biomaterials Using Chorionic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under

Jana Čajková1, Marianna Trebuňová1, Darina Bačenková1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia.

Polymers
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite scaffolds show intrinsic osteogenic potential in chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs). PLCL-TCP scaffolds exhibited the most favorable biological response and osteogenic marker expression in vitro.

Keywords:
beta-tricalcium phosphatebiodegradable polymersbone tissue engineeringchorion-derived mesenchymal stem cellspoly(lactic-co-glycolic)poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)zinc oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs) offer a promising source for regenerative medicine.
  • Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a bioceramic with osteoconductive properties.
  • Developing composite scaffolds that intrinsically promote osteogenesis is crucial for bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intrinsic osteogenic potential of β-TCP composite scaffolds (PLCL-TCP, PLGA-TCP, ZnO-TCP) on CMSCs.
  • To assess material-driven cellular responses without exogenous osteogenic supplements.
  • To correlate scaffold properties with osteogenic marker expression.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing CMSCs on PLCL-TCP, PLGA-TCP, and ZnO-TCP scaffolds for 35 days under non-osteogenic conditions.
  • Assessing cell viability using MTT assay.
  • Quantifying osteogenesis markers (ALP, COL I, Osteocalcin) via ELISA.
  • Characterizing scaffold morphology and elemental composition using SEM and EDX.

Main Results:

  • All β-TCP composite scaffolds supported long-term CMSC viability and induced osteogenic responses.
  • PLCL-TCP scaffolds showed sustained metabolic activity and elevated ALP, COL I, and Osteocalcin expression.
  • ZnO-TCP scaffolds demonstrated favorable late-stage osteocalcin production and structural stability.

Conclusions:

  • β-TCP composite scaffolds can intrinsically modulate CMSC osteogenic differentiation without biochemical supplements.
  • Osteogenic outcomes are influenced by scaffold surface chemistry, architecture, and degradation.
  • PLCL-TCP composite scaffolds present favorable overall performance for CMSC-based bone tissue engineering.