Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The comparative review of hydrogel and hydrogel microneedle application for transdermal drug delivery.

The EPMA journal·2026
Same author

Physiological and proteomic analysis of halophyte <i>Halogeton glomeratus</i> in response to Ni<sup>2+</sup> stress.

Frontiers in plant science·2026
Same author

Genome-Wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of the GS Gene Family in <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> Under Low Nitrogen Stress.

Biology·2025
Same author

Integration of GWAS and WGCNA Identifies PUE-Related Gene TaERF112 in Wheat.

Plant, cell & environment·2025
Same author

The Barley Glycosyltransferase Gene <i>KOB1</i> Implicated in β-Glucan Biosynthesis by a Genome-Wide Association Study.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Pathogenicity, Genetic Diversity, and Population Differentiation of <i>Pyrenophora graminea</i> on Highland Barley in Qinghai Province.

Plant disease·2025
Same journal

RETRACTED: Wang et al. Integrated Analysis of Physiological and Transcriptional Mechanisms in Response to Drought Stress in <i>Scaevola taccada</i> Seedlings. <i>Plants</i> 2026, <i>15</i>, 970.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Russo et al. Chamazulene-Rich <i>Artemisia arborescens</i> Essential Oils Affect the Cell Growth of Human Melanoma Cells. <i>Plants</i> 2020, <i>9</i>, 1000.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Terletskaya et al. Soil-Climatic Drivers of Anatomical and Metabolic Plasticity in <i>Rheum tataricum</i> L.f. Across Arid Landscapes of Kazakhstan. <i>Plants</i> 2026, <i>15</i>, 1025.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Damásio et al. Can Grapevine Leaf Water Potential Be Modelled from Physiological and Meteorological Variables? A Machine Learning Approach. <i>Plants</i> 2023, <i>12</i>, 4142.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Apple Leaf Disease Detection Based on Improved YOLOv11 with DSSA Mechanism.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

New Pollen Morphological Perspectives into <i>Vernonia</i> (Compositae-Vernonieae) from Madagascar.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
08:36

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

Published on: July 16, 2019

The TaERF3-TaPROT2 Module Enhances Wheat Cadmium Tolerance.

Hong Zhang1,2, Huanqiang Guo1,2, Juncheng Wang1,2

  • 1State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that the TaERF3-TaPROT2 module enhances wheat

Keywords:
Cd toleranceERF transcription factorTriticum aestivumheavy metal detoxificationproline transporter

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
08:36

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

Published on: July 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a major agricultural concern, impacting crop yield and food safety.
  • Proline accumulation is known to improve plant tolerance to heavy metals like Cd, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Identifying key regulators of proline metabolism is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate Cd toxicity in crops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proline accumulation confers cadmium tolerance in wheat.
  • To identify and characterize the role of specific genes and transcription factors involved in Cd detoxification pathways.
  • To explore the potential of the identified pathways for breeding wheat varieties with reduced cadmium uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis of the proline transporter gene (TaPROT2) in response to Cd stress.
  • Overexpression of TaPROT2 in transgenic wheat to assess its effect on proline accumulation and Cd tolerance.
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, and luciferase reporter assays to investigate the transcriptional regulation of TaPROT2 by TaERF3.
  • Analysis of Cd accumulation and translocation in wild-type and transgenic wheat lines.

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of TaPROT2 significantly increased proline levels in transgenic wheat, enhancing Cd tolerance.
  • TaPROT2 overexpression also activated the plant's antioxidant enzyme system, reducing Cd accumulation and translocation.
  • The transcription factor TaERF3 was identified as a direct activator of TaPROT2 transcription by binding to the GCC-box element in its promoter.
  • Overexpression of TaERF3 led to increased TaPROT2 expression, higher proline accumulation, and consequently, lower Cd content in wheat.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified a novel TaERF3-TaPROT2 regulatory module that plays a critical role in promoting proline accumulation and enhancing Cd tolerance in wheat.
  • This module effectively reduces Cd accumulation and translocation within the plant.
  • The TaERF3-TaPROT2 pathway represents a promising target for genetic engineering and breeding strategies aimed at developing low-Cd accumulating wheat varieties, contributing to improved food safety.