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Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Medicinal Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles: From Basic Research to Biomedical Applications.

Huan Deng1, Yi-Wen Zhang1, Qian-Fu Zhao1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.

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Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) offer a novel biomaterial for medicine and agriculture due to their natural structure and therapeutic potential. This review covers their isolation, characterization, and applications, highlighting future directions for clinical use.

Keywords:
extracellular vesicleplant-derived exosome-like nanoparticlesross-kingdom regulationtherapeutic applications

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plant cells.
  • PELNs possess a phospholipid bilayer containing bioactive molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
  • Their natural structure provides enhanced bioavailability and tissue penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in PELN research.
  • To summarize isolation techniques, molecular characterization, and therapeutic applications of PELNs.
  • To discuss challenges and future perspectives for PELN clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on PELNs.
  • Analysis of PELN isolation and characterization methods.
  • Evaluation of PELN applications in biomedicine, agriculture, and nanotechnology.

Main Results:

  • PELNs exhibit cross-kingdom therapeutic potential in mammals, including antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Advancements in isolation and characterization are enabling diverse applications.
  • PELNs show promise for drug delivery and disease therapy.

Conclusions:

  • PELNs are versatile biomaterials with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Standardization, scalability, and regulatory frameworks are key challenges for clinical translation.
  • Further research can unlock the full potential of PELNs in various industries.