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Heteroaromatic Pyrazole-Based Carbohydrazones: Structure-Dependent Redox Activity, DNA-Associated Spectroscopic
Aliye Gediz Erturk1, Ertuğrul Yiğit1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey.
Novel pyrazole carbohydrazones with diverse heteroaromatic groups show promising antioxidant, photoprotective, and selective cytotoxic activities. Compound 3f exhibits strong antioxidant and photoprotective effects, while 3e excels in iron chelation, highlighting tunable bioactivity.
Area of Science:
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Organic Synthesis
- Biophysical Chemistry
Background:
- Pyrazole carbohydrazones are versatile scaffolds with potential biological applications.
- Heteroaromatic substituents can significantly influence the physicochemical and biological properties of organic molecules.
- Understanding structure-activity relationships is crucial for optimizing drug candidates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize novel pyrazole-based carbohydrazone derivatives.
- To evaluate the multifunctional bioactivity, including antioxidant, photoprotective, DNA-binding, and cytotoxic properties.
- To investigate the impact of heteroaromatic substitution on the bioactivity profile.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of six pyrazole-based carbohydrazone derivatives (3a-3f) with diverse heteroaromatic moieties.
- Characterization using spectroscopic techniques: ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, APT-13C NMR, and HRMS.
- Bioactivity evaluation through DPPH radical scavenging, Fe2+ chelation, FTC assays, spectrophotometric SPF analysis, CT-DNA interaction studies, cytotoxicity assays (A431 vs. HaCaT), and scratch wound healing assays.
Main Results:
- Compound 3f (benzothiazole derivative) demonstrated potent DPPH scavenging, FTC antioxidant capacity, and photoprotective activity, alongside significant CT-DNA spectroscopic response.
- Compound 3e (benzimidazole derivative) exhibited the highest Fe2+ chelating activity.
- Compounds 3b (imidazole) and 3c (thiazole) displayed a favorable balance of growth inhibition and selectivity against A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells.
- Scratch assays indicated compound-dependent modulation of cellular responses rather than direct anti-migratory effects.
Conclusions:
- Heteroaromatic substitution critically modulates the redox, DNA-binding, photophysical, and cytotoxic properties of pyrazole-based carbohydrazones.
- The pyrazole carbohydrazone scaffold is a tunable platform for optimizing diverse bioactivities.
- Specific derivatives show potential for applications as antioxidants, photoprotective agents, and selective anticancer therapeutics.
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