Manganese-Based Oxide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Magnesium-Ion Batteries

Aqueous magnesium-ion batteries (AMIBs) are promising for next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high safety, low cost, high theoretical energy density, and environmental friendliness. In particular, manganese-based oxides have attracted much attention due to the abundant resources, high theoretical capacity, and environmental friendliness. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of manganese-based oxide cathode materials for AMIBs, including the crystal structure, electrochemical performance, optimization strategies, and electrode reaction mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent research progress of AMIB full cells based on Mn-based oxide cathode materials is summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of Mn-based oxide cathode materials for AMIBs are discussed. This review will provide a valuable reference and source of inspiration for future research of manganese-based oxide cathode materials for AMIBs.