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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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An Update on HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Women.

Tamara Barnett1, Daniel Cloutier1, Rafique Van Uum1

  • 1School of Nursing, York University, 301A 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.

Viruses
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake is low among cis and trans women due to various barriers. A woman-centered approach addressing clinical, social, and structural issues is crucial for improving HIV prevention outcomes globally.

Keywords:
HIVaccessmedicationpre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)preventionwomen

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Cis and trans women globally face rising HIV rates, with inadequate uptake of existing prevention medications.
  • Existing HIV prevention strategies often overlook the specific needs and intersecting vulnerabilities of diverse women's populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among cis and trans women.
  • To identify key themes influencing PrEP engagement, including barriers, facilitators, and preferred access points.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed published literature on oral PrEP use among cis and trans women.
  • Synthesis of findings, considering intersectionality across various subgroups such as adolescent girls, migrants, sex workers, drug users, and incarcerated women.

Main Results:

  • Key themes influencing PrEP engagement include barriers to initiation/discontinuation, public health messaging, women's networks, intimate partner violence, trust, and "seasons of risk."
  • Peer support and navigators are vital for creating safe spaces, enhancing trust, and promoting sustained PrEP use.
  • Preferred access points, regional differences, and clinical implications were also identified.

Conclusions:

  • Improving PrEP uptake and persistence requires a multifaceted, women-centered approach addressing clinical, social, and structural barriers.
  • Context-specific implementation is critical for addressing diverse lived realities and strengthening global HIV prevention.
  • Enhanced peer support mechanisms can foster trust and sustained engagement with HIV prevention tools.