Ecological conservation and restoration of territorial space towards harmony between humanity and nature: Logical...

Building an ecological civilization is a millennium plan for the sustainable development in China. Territorial spatial ecological restoration, as a core measure for advancing ecological civilization and achieving harmonious coexistence between man and nature, is undergoing a profound transformation from traditional engineering-based approaches to a systemic, comprehensive, and holistic mode of governance. We reviewed the core connotations and fundamental requirements of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" and analyzed its contemporary value as a new feature of Chinese modernization. By tracing the evolutionary trajectory of China's efforts in ecological restoration, we identified three stages, i.e., early exploration, gradual maturation, and value deepening, and pointed out that the current stage still faced multidimensional dilemmas related to governance systems, engineering measures, and adaptation to socio-economic development. On this basis, we proposed the construction of a logic framework for territorial spatial ecological conservation and restoration oriented by the value of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature". We established four core mechanisms, namely, strengthening ecological security baselines, systematic restoration and functional enhancement, co-creation and sharing of multiple values, and intelligent collaborative governance, from three aspects, i.e., target synergy, process regulation, and motivation renewal. Finally, we systematically expounded the implementation pathways of this framework from four dimensions, i.e., strategic guidance, engineering implementation, model innovation, and supportive guarantee, in order to provide scientific reference for the theoretical innovation and practical deepening of territorial spatial ecological conservation and restoration in the new era.