Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
13:55

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates

Published on: January 27, 2019

Unpacking "High-Risk": A Latent Class Analysis of Sexual Partnership Patterns and HIV Transmission Risk Among Gay,

Reni Forer1,2, Jesse L Clark3, Jessica Gutierrez4

  • 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are diverse. Differentiating subgroups by last sexual partner reveals varied HIV risks, informing targeted prevention strategies in Lima, Perú.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Social and Behavioral Sciences

Background:

  • Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are often viewed as a uniform group at high risk for HIV.
  • Understanding behavioral diversity within this population is crucial for effective HIV prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate subgroups of GBMSM based on their last sexual partner (LSP).
  • To explore associations between these subgroups and HIV transmission risk factors in Lima, Perú.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional data from 2,119 GBMSM in Lima, Perú (June 2022-March 2023).
  • Latent class analysis using LSP characteristics (partner type, sexual role, condomless anal sex position).
  • Multinomial logistic regression to identify HIV risk factors (drug use, transactional sex, STI, sexual identity, alcohol use, anonymous partners).

Main Results:

  • Five distinct latent classes of GBMSM were identified based on LSP.
  • Each class exhibited unique patterns of HIV transmission risk factors.
  • Specific 'moderno partner' classes were linked to substance use and larger sexual networks, especially for those not living with HIV, compared to the 'pasivo partner' class.

Conclusions:

  • GBMSM in Lima exhibit significant behavioral diversity influencing HIV risk.
  • Sexual roles, partnership types, and network structures are key determinants of HIV risk.
  • Culturally tailored prevention strategies, like role-specific partner notification, are vital for reducing HIV transmission.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIV preventionmen who have sex with mensexual networkssexual partnerssexual role

More Related Videos

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V311:10

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

Related Concept Videos

Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Sex Linked Disorders01:43

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial evaluating a...
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...