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Leptospira in Working Horses From Rural Ecuador: A Neglected Occupational Risk.

Eduardo A Díaz1,2, Carolina Sáenz3, Diego Guzmán4

  • 1Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador, usfq.edu.ec.

Journal of Tropical Medicine
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine leptospirosis is common in Ecuador, with horses frequently exposed to Leptospira bacteria. Many horses shed Leptospira without symptoms, highlighting their potential role in disease transmission and environmental cycling.

Keywords:
MATOne HealthPCRequineseroconversiontropical diseasezoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Zoonotic Disease Research
  • One Health

Background:

  • Leptospirosis poses a significant threat to animal and human health, particularly in low-income nations.
  • Limited surveillance and knowledge gaps hinder effective mitigation strategies for neglected tropical zoonotic diseases.
  • Equines are susceptible to various Leptospira serovars, often asymptomatically, and have close human contact, suggesting a role in disease maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate equine exposure to Leptospira in Ecuador.
  • To identify circulating Leptospira serovars in horses.
  • To understand the epidemiological role of horses in leptospirosis transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Blood and urine samples were collected from 13 working horses in rural Ecuador.
  • Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) were performed on serum samples to detect antibodies.
  • Pathogenic Leptospira DNA was identified in urine samples using molecular methods.

Main Results:

  • 100% of analyzed serum samples (9/9) showed antibodies against various Leptospira serotypes.
  • Pathogenic Leptospira DNA, including L. interrogans and L. santarosai, was detected in 61.5% of urine samples (13/13).
  • Horses demonstrated high exposure rates and a significant proportion actively excreted Leptospira without clinical signs.

Conclusions:

  • Equine exposure to Leptospira is prevalent in the studied region of Ecuador.
  • Horses may act as reservoirs and contribute to the environmental circulation of Leptospira.
  • Strengthened veterinary and public health preventive measures, emphasizing hygiene and a One Health approach, are crucial.