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Related Concept Videos

Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Three-electrode Coin Cell Preparation and Electrodeposition Analytics for Lithium-ion Batteries
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Tuning Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation before Plating Onset in Anode-Free Sodium Batteries.

Aaron M Melemed1,2, Sungil Hong3,2, Jonathan R Thurston1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

JACS Au
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied the initial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in sodium (Na) batteries. Electrolyte composition, particularly solvent and salt, critically influences SEI formation on current collectors before Na plating.

Keywords:
anode-free batterieselectrolyte coordinationsodium metal anodesolid electrolyte interphasesurface chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Sodium (Na) batteries offer a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to sodium's abundance.
  • The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) significantly impacts Na plating/stripping efficiency.
  • Existing research primarily examines SEI on Na metal, neglecting early-stage formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of a nanoscale "pre-plating" SEI on aluminum current collectors (CCs) in anode-free Na batteries.
  • To systematically analyze the effect of various Na salt and glyme solvent combinations on pre-plating SEI composition.
  • To establish correlations between Na+ coordination and SEI characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of diverse Na salt and glyme solvent electrolytes.
  • Combination of analytical electrochemistry with X-ray, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Identified a nanoscale pre-plating SEI forming on the CC before Na plating.
  • Demonstrated a direct correlation between Na+ coordination environment and pre-plating SEI composition.
  • Longer-chain glymes led to more organic alkoxide products, while Na+–anion coordination influenced inorganic product formation (e.g., NaF).

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte composition, specifically solvent and Na+ coordination, is crucial for initial SEI formation in anode-free Na batteries.
  • Understanding pre-plating SEI is key to optimizing electrolyte design for stable sodium battery performance.
  • This work provides fundamental insights into controlling SEI properties for advanced battery chemistries.