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The Association Between Diagnosed Cannabis Use Disorder and Post-Operative Outcomes in Lower Extremity Trauma
Cole Veliky1, Erum Mir Ghazi2, Hania Shahzad3
1Ohio State University College of Medicine.
Journal of Orthopaedic Experience & Innovation
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) in patients with lower extremity fractures is linked to higher non-union rates and increased emergency department (ED) visits. This highlights potential risks associated with CUD in orthopedic trauma care.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Trauma Care
- Addiction Medicine
Background:
- Patients with lower extremity long bone fractures may have co-occurring Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD).
- CUD could potentially influence fracture healing and healthcare resource utilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between CUD and outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for lower extremity long bone fractures.
- To assess the impact of CUD on non-union rates and emergency department (ED) utilization.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of a claims database (January 2010 - April 2022).
- Inclusion of patients treated for lower extremity long bone shaft fractures (open and closed).
- Comparison of CUD status regarding non-union rates, 30-day ED visits, readmissions, and demographic characteristics (age, gender, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index).
Main Results:
- Patients with CUD were younger, more likely male, and had higher comorbidity scores.
- CUD was associated with significantly higher odds of non-union at 16 weeks and 9 months.
- CUD independently predicted increased post-operative ED utilization, including visits and readmissions.
Conclusions:
- Cannabis Use Disorder in orthopaedic trauma patients correlates with increased risks of non-union.
- CUD is associated with elevated post-operative emergency department utilization following surgical fracture management.
