Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery Systems of Phytochemicals to Enhance and Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing Processes

This review explores the mechanistic and translational potential of nanotechnology-based delivery systems for natural compounds in diabetic wound healing. Diabetic wounds present a persistent challenge due to impaired tissue regeneration and chronic inflammation. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids and polyphenols exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-regenerative properties but are limited by low bioavailability and stability. Nanoparticle formulations-particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and chitosan-based nanoparticles (CNPs)-offer innovative solutions by enhancing stability, tissue penetration, and sustained release of these bioactives. Our analysis highlights how these nanocarriers facilitate targeted delivery, thereby amplifying antioxidant activity, antimicrobial effects, and tissue regeneration mechanisms critical for wound healing. The review underscores the mechanistic insights into how nanoparticle systems improve therapeutic efficacy and discusses their translational potential in clinical settings. Notably, AgNPs' antimicrobial properties and green synthesis, along with CNPs' biocompatibility and bioadhesive characteristics, position these nanomaterials as promising candidates for advancing diabetic wound care. This synthesis of current evidence emphasizes nanotechnology's role in overcoming the limitations of natural compounds and advancing sustainable, effective treatments for diabetic wounds.