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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis: An aerodigestive perspective.

Tsega A Temtem1,2, Kelly Liu1, Kenneth L Kennedy3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) affects the esophagus, causing dysfunction and symptoms like feeding difficulty or chronic cough in aerodigestive patients. Management requires a multidisciplinary team, considering patient-specific limitations for effective treatment and monitoring.

Keywords:
esophageal dysfunctionextraesophageal symptomspediatrics

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Using the Endoscope for Endobronchial Ultrasound in the Esophagus
04:35

Using the Endoscope for Endobronchial Ultrasound in the Esophagus

Published on: November 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated esophageal inflammatory disease.
  • It presents with esophageal dysfunction and elevated eosinophils in the esophageal mucosa.
  • EoE can manifest with diverse symptoms, including feeding difficulties and extraesophageal issues like chronic cough in aerodigestive patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of evaluating aerodigestive patients for EoE.
  • To guide treatment selection considering patient-specific limitations.
  • To emphasize the need for multidisciplinary long-term monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on EoE in aerodigestive patients.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic considerations.
  • Discussion of treatment modalities and long-term management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Routine EoE evaluation is recommended for high-risk aerodigestive patients (e.g., esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula).
  • Consideration for EoE is advised for patients undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery.
  • Treatment requires careful consideration of oral intake ability and nutritional status.

Conclusions:

  • Aerodigestive patients with EoE necessitate tailored management strategies.
  • Long-term monitoring should encompass growth, feeding, nutrition, and symptom resolution.
  • A multidisciplinary team approach, including dietitians and feeding therapists, is crucial for optimal outcomes.