Dual Hydrogen Bond-Driven Extraction Using Phenolic Non-Ionic Deep Eutectic Solvent: A Strategy for Ultrafast,...

With the expansion of "blue food" aquaculture farming, monitoring non-point source water pollution caused by hydrophilic fishery drugs quinolones was crucial. To solve the difficulty in separating hydrophilic quinolones from water, a phenolic non-ionic deep eutectic solvent (NIDES) was designed and synthesized. It achieved rapid extraction of quinolones by exploiting the dual hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl group in phenolic NIDES and the carbonyl groups in quinolones. Subsequently, a green analytical method for detecting quinolones in aquaculture water was established by combining liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This approach enables the rapid extraction of 18 quinolones from water within 1 min, achieving satisfactory recovery rates and highly sensitive levels of development (0.0051-0.014 µg L^-1). Enrofloxacin was identified as the most frequently detected quinolone in aquaculture water samples. This work provides a theoretical basis for the design and selection of phenolic NIDES, which demonstrate superior characteristics such as greenness, cost-effectiveness, and instrument-compatibility, and provide important technical support for non-point source pollution monitoring of quinolones.