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Development of pentafluoroethylation methods.

Yihan Tang1, Tao Dong1, Gavin Chit Tsui1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. gctsui@cuhk.edu.hk.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 26, 2026
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The pentafluoroethyl (C2F5) group is increasingly important in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Recent advances provide efficient synthetic methods for incorporating this crucial moiety into diverse compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Fluorine Chemistry

Background:

  • The trifluoromethyl (CF3) group is well-established, while the pentafluoroethyl (C2F5) group has been less explored synthetically and in applications.
  • A growing body of literature now details efficient methods for synthesizing C2F5-containing compounds.
  • This shift highlights the increasing recognition of the C2F5 group's potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review synthetic methods for pentafluoroethylation published between approximately 2015 and 2025.
  • To categorize these methods based on the types of reagents employed.
  • To underscore the advancements in accessing diverse C2F5-substituted molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature focusing on pentafluoroethylation reagents and reactions.
  • Categorization of methods by reagent class: transition metal-based, perfluoroalkyl silanes, gaseous reagents, hypervalent iodine, sulfonium ylides, sulfoximines, and others.
  • Analysis of the period from circa 2015 to 2025.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing efficient pentafluoroethylation strategies.
  • A wide array of reagents now facilitates the introduction of the C2F5 group.
  • Structurally diverse pentafluoroethylated compounds are now more accessible.

Conclusions:

  • Recent synthetic advancements have greatly improved access to pentafluoroethylated compounds.
  • These compounds hold significant promise for applications in medicinal chemistry as drug candidates.
  • They also serve as valuable building blocks in organic synthesis.