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Related Concept Videos

Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Microbes and the Nitrogen Cycle01:26

Microbes and the Nitrogen Cycle

The nitrogen cycle is a complex biogeochemical process critical to maintaining the balance of nitrogenous compounds in ecosystems. This cycle involves multiple microbial-mediated transformations through which nitrogen changes oxidation states, supporting essential ecological functions and contributing to plant and microbial growth.Nitrogen Fixation and AmmonificationNitrogen fixation initiates the cycle by converting inert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into bioavailable ammonia (NH₃), a process...
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

Climate Change Accelerates Nitrate Delivery to Groundwater.

Shaoqing Chen1,2, Baojing Gu3, Puyu Feng1,2

  • 1College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change accelerates legacy nitrate migration into groundwater, particularly in cold and temperate regions. This poses a significant threat to water resources, necessitating urgent groundwater protection strategies.

Keywords:
Earth’s critical zoneclimate changegroundwater levelsnitrate time bombnitrate transport

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Published on: August 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Climate change increases precipitation, leading to higher groundwater recharge.
  • This recharge mobilizes legacy nitrate stored in the vadose zone.
  • Nitrate contamination poses a significant threat to groundwater quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify nitrate migration from 1958 to 2100 under climate change.
  • To assess the impact of climate change on the nitrate time bomb (NTB) phenomenon.
  • To identify regions at high risk of accelerated nitrate pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling a machine learning emulator of a global hydrological model with the nitrate time bomb (NTB) model.
  • Quantifying nitrate migration velocity and transport distance.
  • Analyzing climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5).

Main Results:

  • Nitrate migration velocity is projected to increase in most climate zones, especially cold and temperate regions.
  • Groundwater table shallowing exacerbates nitrate transport.
  • Over 60% of affected areas show shortened NTB countdowns, indicating faster contamination.
  • A second phase of nitrate loading to the vadose zone is suggested by renewed leaching increases.
  • The North China Plain, South Asia, and Western Europe are identified as NTB hotspots.

Conclusions:

  • Climate change significantly accelerates the release of legacy agricultural pollutants into groundwater.
  • Proactive groundwater protection measures are urgently needed to mitigate nitrate contamination.
  • Understanding climate-driven nitrate migration is crucial for effective water resource management.