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Adaptive Mg2+-Gating Membranes for Battery-Grade Lithium Extraction.

Zebin Zhu1, Yijun Qian2, Haoqing Ji2

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive Mg2+-gating membranes were developed for efficient lithium extraction from salt lakes. These novel membranes overcome limitations of conventional nanofiltration, achieving high-purity lithium extraction even with varying Mg2+/Li+ ratios.

Keywords:
adaptive Mg2+‐gating membranesbattery‐grade lithium extractioncrown ether alignmention transport mechanism

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Conventional nanofiltration membranes struggle with lithium extraction from salt lakes due to fixed nanochannel sizes and variable Mg2+/Li+ ratios.
  • Efficient separation of lithium from magnesium is crucial for battery-grade lithium production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop adaptive Mg2+-gating membranes for enhanced lithium extraction from salt lake brines.
  • To address the limitations of conventional membranes in handling fluctuating Mg2+/Li+ ratios.

Main Methods:

  • Grafting 4'-Aminobenzo 15-crown-5-ether (AB-15C5) onto polyamide (PA) membranes to create PA-15C5 membranes.
  • Utilizing molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) testing and Zeta potential analyses for experimental validation.
  • Employing density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for theoretical validation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated adaptive Mg2+-gating effect enabling responsive nanochannel dimensional switching.
  • Achieved a high Li+/Mg2+ separation factor of 214.9 at a low Mg2+/Li+ molar ratio of 0.01.
  • Successfully reduced Mg2+/Li+ ratio to 4.0 * 10- 4 and extracted battery-grade lithium with 99.97% purity in a three-stage process.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PA-15C5 membranes offer a novel paradigm for lithium extraction from salt lakes.
  • Adaptive gating membranes effectively convert Mg2+ competition into a separation advantage.
  • This technology surpasses existing methods, enabling efficient and high-purity lithium recovery.