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Barriers and Facilitators to Telehealth in Underserved Rural Communities: A Mixed-Methods Formative Evaluation
Julia Terhune1, Bree Holtz1, Sabrina Ford2,3
1Department of Advertising and Public Relations, College of Communication Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Summary
Telehealth adoption in rural areas is hindered by connectivity and digital literacy barriers. Building patient trust and providing technical support are key to successful virtual care implementation.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Rural Health
- Digital Health
Background:
- Telehealth can address rural health disparities by overcoming access barriers.
- Limited understanding of rural telehealth barriers and preferences impedes effective program implementation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify barriers and facilitators to telehealth adoption in an underserved rural community.
- To inform the development of targeted telehealth interventions for rural populations.
Main Methods:
- Mixed-methods approach using surveys and semi-structured interviews with rural stakeholders.
- Thematic analysis of interview data guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).
Main Results:
- Telehealth utilization was low (42.4%) despite awareness (59.3%).
- Key barriers included poor internet connectivity (72.8%), technology challenges (66.6%), and lack of knowledge (62.5%).
- Patient trust and comfort with providers were crucial for acceptance, alongside convenience in reducing travel.
Conclusions:
- Telehealth is generally acceptable in rural settings, with provider trust as a key driver.
- Addressing connectivity, infrastructure, and digital literacy is essential for broader telehealth adoption.
- Investment in broadband, digital literacy programs, and technical support can enhance virtual care access.
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