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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

In Vitro Fertilization is Essential Healthcare for Patients With Rheumatic Disease.

Amanda Moyer1,2, Catherine A Sims3, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman4

  • 1Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City.

ACR Open Rheumatology
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Access to assisted reproductive technology (ART) is crucial for patients with rheumatic diseases facing infertility. Legal challenges and barriers disproportionately affect family-building options, necessitating advocacy for equitable care.

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Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Medical Law
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Infertility poses significant physical, emotional, and financial challenges.
  • Rheumatology patients encounter unique barriers to family building.
  • Recent legal rulings on embryo personhood create uncertainties for assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of legal uncertainties and existing barriers on ART access for rheumatology patients.
  • To advocate for the protection and expansion of ART access for all individuals facing infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of legal precedents, specifically the Alabama Supreme Court ruling.
  • Analysis of barriers to ART access, including awareness, safety concerns, stigma, and legal/financial restrictions.
  • Discussion of the ethical and medical implications of restricted ART access.

Main Results:

  • The LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine ruling and subsequent legislative actions highlight ongoing legal complexities surrounding embryo personhood.
  • Barriers such as limited awareness, safety concerns, stigma, and financial/legal restrictions disproportionately affect rheumatology patients.
  • Restrictive policies impact diverse populations, including men and same-sex couples, beyond female patients.

Conclusions:

  • Restricting ART access is medically and ethically indefensible for a recognized medical condition like infertility.
  • Physicians, researchers, and advocates must actively oppose policies limiting ART availability.
  • Ensuring equitable, evidence-based reproductive care is essential for safeguarding the right to family building.