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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases
Published on: December 6, 2016
Cognitive decline in Dutch-type hereditary and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a 5-year follow-up study
Rosemarie van Dort1, Vera C J van Stek-Smits1, Sanne E Schriemer1
1Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Introduction:
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with cognitive impairment, but its longitudinal course of cognitive decline remains unclear. We investigated domain-specific cognitive trajectories in Dutch-type hereditary (D-CAA) and sporadic CAA (sCAA) to compare patterns and rates of decline.
Methods:
We included 181 participants - 93 D-CAA mutation carriers (59 without, 34 with prior intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH]) and 88 with sCAA (57 without, 31 with ICH) - who underwent annual neuropsychological assessment. Longitudinal change in global cognition, memory, processing speed, and executive function was analyzed using linear mixed models.
Results:
Over 5 years, cognitive decline was subtle but measurable. Memory and processing speed declined in D-CAA with prior ICH, whereas D-CAA without ICH and sCAA remained relatively stable. Global cognition showed a modest but significant decline, while executive function remained stable.
Discussion:
CAA-related cognitive decline appears domain- and stage-dependent, suggesting progressive small-vessel injury rather than acute hemorrhage may drive deterioration.
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