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Published on: March 26, 2018
Contemporary approach and key considerations to asymptomatic aortic stenosis treatment
Marko Banović1,2, Bernard Iung3
1Belgrade Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Insights
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) treatment for asymptomatic patients is evolving. New guidelines suggest intervention for low-risk cases, but optimal strategies require further research and clinical trials.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Valvular Heart Disease
- Clinical Guidelines
Background:
- Aortic stenosis (AS) is a prevalent and life-threatening valvular disease.
- Management of asymptomatic severe AS remains under investigation.
- Recent guidelines now include intervention for low-risk, asymptomatic severe AS patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To offer a rational, evidence-based approach for treating asymptomatic severe AS.
- To guide clinical decisions for patients without additional adverse factors.
- To review current evidence and identify knowledge gaps.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of PubMed database.
- Inclusion of original and review papers.
- Keywords: aortic stenosis, asymptomatic, risk stratification, intervention.
Main Results:
- Current ESC/EACTS guidelines for asymptomatic AS are a reasonable starting point.
- Optimal intervention strategy requires further clarification due to patient and treatment heterogeneity.
- Ongoing trials are expected to provide crucial new evidence.
Conclusions:
- The optimal treatment strategy for asymptomatic severe AS needs further definition.
- Randomized trials comparing TAVI and SAVR in middle-aged asymptomatic patients are essential.
- Further research is vital to refine management of this patient group.
Introduction:
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common and the deadliest valvular disease. The treatment of asymptomatic patients with severe AS remains a subject of investigation. Recently, ESC/EACTS guidelines for valvular diseases introduced a new indication for the treatment of asymptomatic low-risk patients with isolated high-gradient severe AS, as an alternative to clinical surveillance.
Area Covered:
This paper attempts to provide a rational, clinically oriented and evidence-based approach to the treatment of asymptomatic patients with high-gradient severe AS without additional adverse factors such as decrease in left ventricular systolic function or increase in natriuretic peptides. We searched for original and review papers through the PubMed database using the keywords: aortic stenosis, asymptomatic, risk stratification and intervention, without limiting the time period of the analyzed papers.
Expert Opinion:
The latest ESC/EACTS recommendations for the treatment of asymptomatic AS should be considered adequate. Considering differences in patient characteristics and heterogeneous treatment modalities, as well as differences in institutional-level outcomes, the optimal intervention strategy still needs clarification. Ongoing trials in asymptomatic patients with severe AS should provide significant new evidence. The diverse array of therapeutic options emphasizes the need for TAVI vs. SAVR randomized trial in middle-aged asymptomatic patients.
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