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Nature-Related Risk Perceptions Among Vietnamese Smallholder Tea Farmers and Implications for Environmental

Thi Hoa Vu1,2, Brett A Bryan3, Kelly K Miller3

  • 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia. h.vu@deakin.edu.au.

Environmental Management
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vietnamese smallholder tea farmers perceive climate extremes and pests as immediate risks, while soil degradation is a long-term concern. Understanding these nature-related risk perceptions is crucial for effective adaptation strategies in agriculture.

Keywords:
Agricultural value chainClimate-related riskNatural capitalTNFDTaskforce on Nature-related Financial DisclosureTea productionWater scarcity

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Risk Management

Background:

  • Smallholder farmers are vital to global agriculture but highly vulnerable to climate variability, soil degradation, water scarcity, and pests/diseases.
  • Understanding farmers' perceptions of nature-related risks is key to developing effective adaptation strategies for sustainable agricultural systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine nature-related risk perceptions among Vietnamese smallholder tea farmers.
  • To identify factors influencing these risk perceptions using Protection Motivation Theory.

Main Methods:

  • Structured face-to-face interviews with 312 smallholder tea farmers in northern Vietnam.
  • Multivariate regression analysis to assess factors associated with risk perceptions across 10 physical nature-related risk domains.

Main Results:

  • Farmers identified climate extremes and pest/disease pressures as the most pressing risks, with soil/water degradation as significant long-term concerns.
  • Heavy fertilizer use correlated with higher perceived soil degradation risk; irrigation adoption correlated with lower perceived climate risk.
  • Subjective risk perceptions significantly influence farmers' adaptation behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Smallholder risk perceptions are critical for informing environmental management and nature-related risk assessments.
  • Direct engagement with smallholders is essential for accurately capturing local risks and improving risk management in agriculture.
  • Integrating farmer perceptions into adaptation planning can enhance the resilience of smallholder farming systems.