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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
05:07

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Guidelines in Practice: Local-Only Anesthesia.

Kristine Little

    AORN Journal
    |June 26, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Perioperative nurses can enhance patient safety during local-only anesthesia procedures by implementing updated AORN guidelines. These guidelines offer best practices for care when an anesthesia professional is absent, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

    Keywords:
    IV lipid emulsion 20%adverse reactionslocal anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)local‐only anesthesiamonitoring

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    Area of Science:

    • Nursing
    • Anesthesiology

    Background:

    • Patients receiving local-only anesthesia often lack direct anesthesia professional presence.
    • This necessitates specific perioperative care strategies to ensure safety and support patient goals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of the updated AORN Guideline for care of the patient receiving local-only anesthesia.
    • To highlight recommendations for perioperative nurses and clinical teams.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of the AORN "Guideline for care of the patient receiving local-only anesthesia."
    • Discussion of guideline recommendations covering preoperative assessment, anesthetic administration, intraoperative and postoperative care, adverse reactions, education, and policies.

    Main Results:

    • The guideline offers comprehensive information on local anesthetic administration and patient care without an anesthesia professional.
    • Specific recommendations are provided for all phases of perioperative care, including monitoring and discharge planning.

    Conclusions:

    • Perioperative nurses must review and apply the AORN guideline recommendations for patients undergoing procedures with local-only anesthesia.
    • Adherence to these guidelines strengthens perioperative safety and improves patient care.