A Sensory Adaptation Program for Individuals With Mal de Débarquement Syndrome: A Case Series

Mal de débarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent oscillatory sensations following exposure to prolonged passive motion. Inadequate readaptation of the sensory balance systems may contribute to MdDS symptoms. Sensory adaptation exercises modify sensory input to improve balance and reduce symptoms; however, research on this intervention in MdDS is limited. The purpose of this case series was to describe a sensory adaptation program for individuals with MdDS and report changes in perceived severity of oscillatory motion, balance, and patient-reported function. Feasibility was also examined retrospectively.

Ten participants (mean age = 64.4 years [standard deviation: 11.7]; 8 women) with MdDS completed the study. Outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention included: perceived severity of oscillatory motion (Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale [NRS]); balance (Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction on Balance and Functional Gait Assessment); patient-reported function (Patient Specific Functional Scale 2.0 [PSFS 2.0]); and feasibility (retention, adherence, safety, and acceptability). The PSFS 2.0 and NRS were repeated at 3-month post-intervention.

Participants completed 9 intervention sessions over 3 weeks. Interventions included education, sensory adaptation, and functional mobility.

All participants completed the study, no adverse events were reported, and clinically meaningful improvements on the Visual Analog Scale, NRS, Functional Gait Assessment, and PSFS 2.0 were observed. Seven of 10 participants sustained improvement on the PSFS 2.0, and 6 of 10 sustained improvement on NRS at 3 months.

The sensory adaptation program was feasible, and improvements in perceived oscillatory motion, dynamic gait, and patient-reported function were observed. Future efficacy studies are warranted.