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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages
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Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Published on: November 3, 2014

Disrupted mitochondrial dynamics activate RNA-sensing innate immunity through mitochondrial RNA release.

Tatsuki Yasuda1, Aoi Ichikawa2, Kenta Onoue3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Osaka, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Division of Cell Signaling, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.

Cell Reports
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial hyperfusion activates innate immunity via RNA release, impacting cancer cell vulnerability and tumor growth. This links mitochondrial dynamics to immune signaling.

Keywords:
CP: immunologyDRP1RIG-Iinnate immunitymitochondrial RNAmitochondrial dynamicsmitochondrial hyperfusionmolecular biology

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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages
12:47

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Published on: November 3, 2014

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
11:44

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: September 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics

Background:

  • Mitochondria undergo continuous fusion and fission, crucial for cellular functions.
  • The role of mitochondrial dynamics in innate immunity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how mitochondrial dynamics influence innate immune responses.
  • To explore the link between mitochondrial hyperfusion and immune activation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied mitochondrial hyperfusion induced by DRP1 loss or cellular stress (cycloheximide, doxorubicin).
  • Assessed RIG-I-MAVS signaling and BAX-dependent mitochondrial RNA release.
  • Evaluated susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and tumor growth in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial hyperfusion activates RIG-I-MAVS innate immune signaling.
  • Impaired mitochondrial fission leads to BAX-dependent release of mitochondrial RNA into the cytosol.
  • This pathway enhances NK cell cytotoxicity and reduces tumor growth.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial hyperfusion triggers innate immune signaling through mtRNA release.
  • Impaired mitochondrial dynamics engage immune responses, affecting cancer progression.