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Spray-Pyrolyzed Hollow and Yolk-Shell CeO₂ Nanocarriers with Tunable Structure for Redox-Responsive Delivery and Gene

Jalal Poostforooshan¹, Cléa Chesneau², Laurent Michely²

¹Institute of Particle Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|June 26, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed a new spray pyrolysis method to create mesoporous cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles with hollow and yolk-shell structures. These nanoparticles show promise as redox-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery and gene therapy.

Keywords:

CFTR-R553X gene rescue hollow and yolk−shell structures mesoporous CeO2 nanoparticles redox-responsive nanocarriers spray pyrolysis translational readthrough

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanoparticles (MCNs) offer redox activity and biocompatibility for biomedical uses.
Hollow and yolk-shell MCNs are ideal nanocarriers due to large internal volume and tunable porosity.
Conventional synthesis methods struggle to produce complex MCN structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a versatile gas-phase spray pyrolysis method for synthesizing MCNs with controlled hollow and yolk-shell nanostructures.
To investigate the mechanistic insights into MCN formation during spray pyrolysis.
To evaluate the potential of functionalized MCNs as redox-responsive nanocarriers for intracellular delivery and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Gas-phase spray pyrolysis of cerium nitrate solutions with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
Systematic variation of precursor composition, droplet size, and thermal conditions.
Surface functionalization with thiolated dextran for redox-responsive behavior.

Main Results:

Precisely controlled MCNs with tunable hollow and yolk-shell structures were synthesized.
Mechanistic insights into morphological evolution during spray pyrolysis were obtained using a multizone furnace.
Functionalized MCNs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, efficient loading, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy for G418 antibiotic delivery.

Conclusions:

Spray-pyrolyzed mesoporous CeO2 hollow and yolk-shell nanoparticles are effective redox-responsive nanocarriers.
This method offers precise control over nanocarrier structure and properties.
These nanocarriers show significant potential for intracellular delivery and modulating genes with nonsense mutations.