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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...

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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
11:48

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Published on: April 4, 2019

A subunit vaccine for multiple respiratory viruses.

Qinzhe Li1, Wei-Chiao Huang1,2, Sara H Mahmoud3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.

Science Advances
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel nanoliposome vaccine platform effectively delivers multiple respiratory virus antigens, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV. This multivalent approach shows promise for broad-spectrum protection against major respiratory pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Seasonal influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV cause significant global mortality.
  • Current vaccines for these viruses are typically administered individually.
  • Subunit protein vaccine technologies for multivalent applications are underdeveloped.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a nanoliposome-based vaccine platform capable of co-displaying antigens from multiple respiratory viruses.
  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this multivalent vaccine in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • A nanoliposome platform was engineered to co-display recombinant hemagglutinin ectodomains from three influenza strains, SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, and prefusion RSV F ectodomain.
  • Immunizations were performed in mouse, ferret, and cotton rat models.
  • Antibody responses and protective immunity against influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV were assessed.

Main Results:

  • The nanoliposome vaccine successfully elicited protective immunity against all three targeted respiratory viruses in animal models.
  • Antibody responses generated by the multivalent vaccine were comparable to those from monovalent formulations.
  • The platform demonstrated feasibility for co-displaying diverse viral antigens.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoliposome-based multivalent recombinant protein vaccines can provide broad immunologic protection against major respiratory viruses.
  • This platform offers a promising strategy for developing next-generation vaccines against multiple respiratory pathogens.
  • Further development could lead to a single vaccine for seasonal influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV.