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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

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  3. Polycomb-mediated 3d-genome Organization Controls Replication Timing.
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  3. Polycomb-mediated 3d-genome Organization Controls Replication Timing.

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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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Published on: January 19, 2017

Polycomb-mediated 3D-genome organization controls replication timing.

Neha Chetlangia1, Bhushan L Thakur2, Christophe E Redon2

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Science Advances
|June 26, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Origin recognition complex-associated protein (ORCA) maintains gene repression and regulates DNA replication timing at Polycomb (PcG) bodies. Loss of ORCA disrupts chromatin organization and origin firing, impacting cellular development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Polycomb (PcG) bodies are nuclear structures involved in gene regulation but their molecular function is unclear.
  • PcG bodies are associated with specific DNA regions, including centromeres and telomeres.
  • These regions exhibit repressive epigenetic marks and low chromatin accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map genomic regions associated with PcG bodies.
  • To investigate the role of origin recognition complex-associated protein (ORCA) in PcG body function.
  • To understand how ORCA influences chromatin organization and DNA replication timing.

Main Methods:

  • Tyramide signal amplification sequencing to map PcG body-associated genomic regions.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to analyze histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3).
  • Analysis of chromatin accessibility and replication origin density.

    • Main Results:

    • PcG body-associated regions are enriched for H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, depleted of H3K4me3, and show low accessibility.
    • Origin recognition complex-associated protein (ORCA) localizes to PcG bodies and interacts with the polycomb-repressive complex.
    • ORCA stabilizes H3K27 methyltransferase, facilitates H3K27me3 deposition, and regulates replication origin firing.

    Conclusions:

    • ORCA plays a crucial role in maintaining the repressive environment at PcG bodies.
    • ORCA's association with PcG-bound chromatin regulates replication origin firing timing.
    • Loss of ORCA leads to altered chromatin organization and aberrant replication initiation.