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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Evaluations of ZnCoS/ZnCdS with Twin Crystal Structure for Multifunctional Redox Photocatalysis in Energy Applications
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Synthesis and Performance Evaluations of ZnCoS/ZnCdS with Twin Crystal Structure for Multifunctional Redox Photocatalysis in Energy Applications

Published on: July 25, 2025

Spatial engineering of adjacent pair single-atom catalyst for reaction-pathway decoupling in advanced oxidation.

Man Yang1, Yongquan Zhu1, Jing Mei1

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Conducting Materials and Composite Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Metal-Based Heterogeneous Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel adjacent pair single-atom catalyst (Co2/CN) efficiently degrades levofloxacin via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This bifunctional catalyst decouples pollutant degradation and oxidant activation, outperforming single-atom catalysts.

Keywords:
Adjacent pair single-atom catalystAdvanced oxidation processDual reaction sitesReaction-pathway decouplingSpatial optimization

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Evaluations of ZnCoS/ZnCdS with Twin Crystal Structure for Multifunctional Redox Photocatalysis in Energy Applications
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Synthesis and Performance Evaluations of ZnCoS/ZnCdS with Twin Crystal Structure for Multifunctional Redox Photocatalysis in Energy Applications

Published on: July 25, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Single active sites in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) limit efficiency due to competitive adsorption of pollutants and oxidants.
  • Rational catalyst design is crucial for decoupling reaction pathways in AOPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and investigate an adjacent pair single-atom catalyst (Co2/CN) for bifunctional catalysis in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based AOPs.
  • To achieve efficient degradation of levofloxacin (LF) by decoupling PMS activation and pollutant degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of adjacent pair single-atom catalyst (Co2/CN).
  • Performance evaluation using levofloxacin degradation in PMS-AOPs.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The Co2/CN-PMS system achieved a levofloxacin degradation rate of 0.1 min⁻¹, significantly outperforming single-atom analogues (Co1/CN: 0.014 min⁻¹).
  • DFT calculations revealed that adjacent Co sites facilitate co-adsorption of pollutant and PMS, decoupling activation and degradation.
  • The catalyst design minimizes the migration distance of singlet oxygen for enhanced pollutant decomposition.

Conclusions:

  • Adjacent pair single-atom catalysts offer bifunctional advantages in AOPs by enabling functional division between sites.
  • This work presents a new design paradigm for paired single-atom catalysts, shifting from electronic modulation to functional division.
  • The Co2/CN catalyst demonstrates superior performance for levofloxacin degradation in PMS-AOPs.