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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Macular microcirculation changes in incident type 2 diabetes without fundus Photography-Detectable diabetic

Fei Xiang1, Mengyang Li1, Rui Li1

  • 1Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) eyes showed greater declines in deep capillary plexus vessel density over six years compared to controls. Early monitoring of retinal perfusion is crucial for T2DM patients without detectable diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathyOptical coherence tomography angiographyType 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern.
  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, affecting retinal microvasculature.
  • Early detection of microvascular changes in T2DM is vital for preventing vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate 6-year macular microcirculation changes in individuals who developed incident T2DM without detectable DR.
  • To identify factors associated with early microvascular abnormalities in T2DM patients.
  • To compare retinal microvascular changes between incident T2DM cases and controls without diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Nested case-control study design.
  • Macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) used to assess vessel density (VD) in superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP).
  • Analysis included foveal avascular zone parameters and foveal density, using generalized estimating equations.

Main Results:

  • Incident T2DM eyes exhibited a greater reduction in DCP VD over 6 years compared to controls.
  • Microvascular abnormalities were observed in 23 diabetic eyes.
  • Longer diabetes duration was independently associated with the development of microvascular abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Eyes with incident T2DM show a more pronounced decline in DCP VD, even without fundus photography-detectable DR.
  • These findings underscore the necessity of early and longitudinal monitoring of retinal perfusion in T2DM patients.
  • Early microvascular changes in T2DM can be detected using OCTA, highlighting its diagnostic potential.